A 41-year-old transgender man with HIV was diagnosed with HIV and Pneumocystis pneumonia 9 months ago. He is seen in clinic for a follow-up visit. At the time of the HIV diagnosis, the CD4 count was 118 cells/mm³ and the HIV RNA level was 108,700 copies/mL. He started antiretroviral therapy shortly after his Pneumocystis pneumonia diagnosis, and he now has a CD4 count of 257 cells/mm³ and an undetectable HIV RNA level. Three months prior, the CD4 count was 211 cells/mm³ and the HIV RNA level was undetectable. In addition to antiretroviral medications, he is taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as secondary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia.