A 42-year-old cisgender man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis has a routine HIV screening test performed as part of a yearly primary care visit. The initial HIV-1/2 antigen-antibody immunoassay is positive, but a follow-up HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation assay is negative for HIV-1 and HIV-2. In addition, an HIV-1 RNA assay is negative. He has no symptoms and has not had sex with anyone for at least 3 months. He recently had COVID-19 infection and was sick for about 5 days. Repeat HIV testing is repeated 2 weeks later, yielding exactly the same results.