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- Acosta EP, Wu H, Hammer SM, et al. Comparison of two indinavir/ritonavir regimens in the treatment of HIV-infected individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;37:1358-66.
[PubMed Abstract] - Cameron DW, Heath-Chiozzi M, Danner S, et al. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of ritonavir in advanced HIV-1 disease. The Advanced HIV Disease Ritonavir Study Group. Lancet. 1998;351:543-9.
[PubMed Abstract] - Carr A, Ritzhaupt A, Zhang W, et al. Effects of boosted tipranavir and lopinavir on body composition, insulin sensitivity and adipocytokines in antiretroviral-naive adults. AIDS. 2008;22:2313-21.
[PubMed Abstract] - Clotet B, Feinberg J, van Lunzen J, et al. Once-daily dolutegravir versus darunavir plus ritonavir in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection (FLAMINGO): 48 week results from the randomised open-label phase 3b study. Lancet. 2014;383:2222-31.
[PubMed Abstract] - Connick E, Lederman MM, Kotzin BL, et al. Immune reconstitution in the first year of potent antiretroviral therapy and its relationship to virologic response. J Infect Dis. 2000;181:358-63.
[PubMed Abstract] - Cooper DA, Cordery DV, Zajdenverg R, et al. Tipranavir/Ritonavir (500/200 mg and 500/100 mg) Was Virologically Non-Inferior to Lopinavir/Ritonavir (400/100 mg) at Week 48 in Treatment-Naïve HIV-1-Infected Patients: A Randomized, Multinational, Multicenter Trial. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0144917.
[PubMed Abstract] - Danner SA, Carr A, Leonard JM, et al. A short-term study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. European-Australian Collaborative Ritonavir Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1528-33.
[PubMed Abstract] - Elion R, Cohen C, Gathe J, et al. Phase 2 study of cobicistat versus ritonavir each with once-daily atazanavir and fixed-dose emtricitabine/tenofovir df in the initial treatment of HIV infection. AIDS. 2011;25:1881-6.
[PubMed Abstract] - Eron J Jr, Yeni P, Gathe J Jr, et al. The KLEAN study of fosamprenavir-ritonavir versus lopinavir-ritonavir, each in combination with abacavir-lamivudine, for initial treatment of HIV infection over 48 weeks: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2006;368:476-82.
[PubMed Abstract] - Gathe JC Jr, Ive P, Wood R, et al. SOLO: 48-week efficacy and safety comparison of once-daily fosamprenavir /ritonavir versus twice-daily nelfinavir in naive HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS. 2004;18:1529-37.
[PubMed Abstract] - Gathe JC Jr, Wood R, Sanne I, et al. Long-term (120-Week) antiviral efficacy and tolerability of fosamprenavir/ritonavir once daily in therapy-naive patients with HIV-1 infection: an uncontrolled, open-label, single-arm follow-on study. Clin Ther. 2006;28:745-54.
[PubMed Abstract] - Hicks C, King MS, Gulick RM, et al. Long-term safety and durable antiretroviral activity of lopinavir/ritonavir in treatment-naive patients: 4 year follow-up study. AIDS. 2004;18:775-9.
[PubMed Abstract] - Kuritzkes DR, Sevin A, Young B, et al. Effect of zidovudine resistance mutations on virologic response to treatment with zidovudine-lamivudine-ritonavir: genotypic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from AIDS clinical trials group protocol 315. ACTG Protocol 315 Team. J Infect Dis. 2000;181:491-7.
[PubMed Abstract] - Lataillade M, Chiarella J, Yang R, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of HIV drug resistance mutations by ultra-deep sequencing in antiretroviral-naïve subjects in the CASTLE study. PLoS One. 2010;5:e10952.
[PubMed Abstract] - Lederman MM, Connick E, Landay A, et al. Immunologic responses associated with 12 weeks of combination antiretroviral therapy consisting of zidovudine, lamivudine, and ritonavir: results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 315. J Infect Dis. 1998;178:70-9.
[PubMed Abstract] - Lennox JL, Landovitz RJ, Ribaudo HJ, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of 3 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing antiretroviral regimens for treatment-naive volunteers infected with HIV-1: a randomized, controlled equivalence trial. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:461-71.
[PubMed Abstract] - Malan N, Su J, Mancini M, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerability and quality of life in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients: data from the CASTLE study. AIDS Care. 2010;22:677-86.
[PubMed Abstract] - Markowitz M, Saag M, Powderly WG, et al. A preliminary study of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, to treat HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1534-9.
[PubMed Abstract] - McDonald C, Uy J, Hu W, et al. Clinical significance of hyperbilirubinemia among HIV-1-infected patients treated with atazanavir/ritonavir through 96 weeks in the CASTLE study. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2012;26:259-64.
[PubMed Abstract] - Molina JM, Andrade-Villanueva J, Echevarria J, et al. Once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir compared with twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabine, for management of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients: 96-week efficacy and safety results of the CASTLE study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53:323-32.
[PubMed Abstract] - Molina JM, Andrade-Villanueva J, Echevarria J, et al. Once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir versus twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabine, for management of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients: 48 week efficacy and safety results of the CASTLE study.
Lancet. 2008;372(9639):646-55.
[PubMed Abstract] - Molina JM, Clotet B, van Lunzen J, et al. Once-daily dolutegravir is superior to once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in treatment-naïve HIV-1-positive individuals: 96 week results from FLAMINGO. J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17:19490.
[PubMed Abstract] - Molina JM, Clotet B, van Lunzen J, et al. Once-daily dolutegravir versus darunavir plus ritonavir for treatment-naive adults with HIV-1 infection (FLAMINGO): 96 week results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3b study. Lancet HIV. 2015;2:e127-36.
[PubMed Abstract] - Moyle G, Hardy H, Uy J, et al. Changes in biomarkers in HIV-1-infected treatment-naive patients treated with tenofovir DF/emtricitabine plus atazanavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir for 96 weeks: the CASTLE biomarker substudy. Antivir Ther. 2014;19:693-9.
[PubMed Abstract] - Moyle GJ, Hardy H, Farajallah A, DeGrosky M, McGrath D. Comparison of body composition changes between atazanavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir each in combination with tenofovir/emtricitabine in antiretroviral-naïve patients with HIV-1 infection. Clin Drug Investig. 2014;34:287-96.
[PubMed Abstract] - Moyle GJ, Hardy H, Farajallah A, McGrath SJ, Kaplita S, Ward D. Changes in bone mineral density after 96 weeks of treatment with atazanavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir plus tenofovir DF/emtricitabine in treatment-naive patients with HIV-1 infection: the CASTLE body composition substudy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68:40-5.
[PubMed Abstract] - Mueller BU, Nelson RP Jr, Sleasman J, et al. A phase I/II study of the protease inhibitor ritonavir in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatrics. 1998;101:335-43.
[PubMed Abstract] - Murphy RL, Brun S, Hicks C, et al. ABT-378/ritonavir plus stavudine and lamivudine for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection: 48-week results. AIDS. 2001;15:F1-9.
[PubMed Abstract] - Notermans DW, Jurriaans S, de Wolf F, et al. Decrease of HIV-1 RNA levels in lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood during treatment with ritonavir, lamivudine and zidovudine. Ritonavir/3TC/ZDV Study Group. AIDS. 1998;12:167-73.
[PubMed Abstract] - Ofotokun I, Na LH, Landovitz RJ, et al. Comparison of the metabolic effects of ritonavir-boosted darunavir or atazanavir versus raltegravir, and the impact of ritonavir plasma exposure: ACTG 5257. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:1842-51.
[PubMed Abstract] - Opravil M, Cone RW, Fischer M, et al. Effects of early antiretroviral treatment on HIV-1 RNA in blood and lymphoid tissue: a randomized trial of double versus triple therapy. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;23:17-25.
[PubMed Abstract] - Perez G, MacArthur RD, Walmsley S, Baxter JA, Mullin C, Neaton JD. A randomized clinical trial comparing nelfinavir and ritonavir in patients with advanced HIV disease (CPCRA 042/CTN 102). HIV Clin Trials. 2004;5:7-18.
[PubMed Abstract] - Pulido F, Estrada V, Baril JG, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of fosamprenavir plus ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir in combination with abacavir/lamivudine over 144 weeks. HIV Clin Trials. 2009;10:76-87.
[PubMed Abstract] - Squires KE, Johnson M, Yang R, et al. Comparative gender analysis of the efficacy and safety of atazanavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir at 96 weeks in the CASTLE study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:363-70.
[PubMed Abstract] - Walmsley S, Avihingsanon A, Slim J, et al. Gemini: a noninferiority study of saquinavir/ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir as initial HIV-1 therapy in adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;50:367-74.
[PubMed Abstract] - Wu H, Connick E, Kuritzkes DR, et al. Multiple CD4+ cell kinetic patterns and their relationships with baseline factors and virological responses in HIV type 1 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001;17:1231-40.
[PubMed Abstract] - Zeldin RK, Petruschke RA. Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected patients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;53:4-9.
[PubMed Abstract] - Zhu L, Liao S, Child M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and inhibitory quotient of atazanavir/ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected, treatment-naive patients who participated in the CASTLE Study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67:465-8.
[PubMed Abstract]